Preparing and Writing Essay

A fundamental key to creating great expositions is to begin early and work consistently over an all-inclusive period. Work in an ideal opportunity for interruptions and issues (for example ailment or plate disappointment), and consider cutoff time packing. Plan to finish a long time before the cutoff time to permit yourself some slack. As a harsh guide, you may permit three weeks for chip away at a course article. The cutoff time is planned to assist you with time the board †ensure you cling to it. Ponder the criticism acquired on your past articles. What qualities and shortcomings were recognized? Consider how best to beat the shortcomings. For instance, if your expositions have been scrutinized for restricted information on the writing or absence of profundity, this may show that you have to give more planning time and increment or change the expansiveness and profundity of your perusing; whenever condemned for poor structure or constrained significance, you are probably going to profit by investing more energy in cautious arranging and altering/redesigning the last draft. Utilizing course expositions to chip away at your shortcomings can assist you with delivering a superior article just as help to improve your general composing abilities. Look more:â how to compose a procedure paper Do some fundamental perusing to assist you with picking a paper theme. The perusing records for the papers give direction on wellsprings of primer perusing. For the most part it is valuable to pick perusing that is moderately later, this is probably going to incorporate a synopsis of prior work, some of which you may investigate in more detail later. It can likewise be useful at a beginning time to utilize EconLit and the Library list to keep an eye on the accessibility and nature of beneficial perusing on a subject. As ought to be self-evident, you should attempt to pick a point that you find fascinating. This will help inspire you to take a shot at the paper and is additionally liable to make the final result all the more intriguing for the peruser/marker. Note that intrigue will in general increment as you take a shot at a theme, giving you don’t leave everything to the latest possible time. When you have picked a subject (or even to assist you with browsing a short-rundown of themes), utilize your underlying perusing to deliver a draft layout plan of your article. The general counsel on what makes a decent exposition, set out beneath, should assist you with producing a viable arrangement. An essential arrangement would regularly isolate the paper/exposition into a progression of legitimately requested segments. This skeleton structure would then be able to be rounded out by fitting thoughts, important references, work and data required, into the arranged segments (utilizing references from fundamental perusing, EconLit and so on.) Setting aside some effort to build a viable clarified diagram plan should push you to: †¢ Produce an all around organized and cognizant exposition. †¢ Organize the ensuing work on your article/thesis and plan your examination time all the more adequately. †¢ Read effectively and all the more adequately †making you consider how further adding fits to your arrangement and, potentially, adjusting your arrangement in light of new data or thoughts. In spite of the fact that the elements of a decent article can differ among courses and points, the accompanying wide rules are commonly material. Structure: †¢ Ensure that your paper/thesis has a reasonable consistent structure. †¢ Use the prologue to spur the subject, set it in context and diagram the structure of the body of your paper to enable the peruser to follow the contention. †¢ Use the decisions to make together the contention, give a general evaluation and, conceivably, show zones that may be grown further if space permitted. General substance: †¢ The essential spotlight ought to be on investigation, not depiction or introduction of data. †¢ Make it clear that you have a decent comprehension of the applicable essential writing. In any case, abstain from committing an excessive amount of room to rehashing standard course book material. By and large you can clarify that you comprehend the nuts and bolts with regards to introducing a further developed or more profound examination. †¢ Be imaginative †think about a fascinating and distinctive edge on the point; draw on thoughts from different courses (counting non-financial aspects courses) or general perusing; go past the standard writing by utilizing EconLit or other reference sources; be set up to challenge standard methodologies. This is probably going to make the article additionally intriguing for you and the peruser/marker. †¢ Remember it is your paper, it ought to mirror your educated idea and decisions on the subject, not just repeat or reword t he perspectives on others. Investigation and models: †¢ The fitting method of examination can shift among courses and points. In most by far of cases financial matters expositions will include the utilization of an unequivocal model or models. Formal models help to give an unmistakable intelligent structure, which is a significant purpose behind their utilization in financial aspects. †¢ When introducing a model, you have to clarify that you comprehend the model. This includes more than basically duplicating a lot of conditions from an article or book. To flag your understanding you may for instance: give an instinctive clarification of the general model or key strides in comprehending the model; turn out to be a few stages in a model’s arrangement unequivocally, when (as is regularly the situation) this isn't done expressly in the first source; create and work through a variety of the model not grew unequivocally in the perusing; investigate the model with other related models; evaluate the suppositions utilized and the constraints they present; apply the model prudently to a specific circumstance. Introduction and style: †¢ Grammar and spelling matter. Leave a lot of time for altering the last draft to improve sentence structure. Utilize a spellchecker, however recollect that spell checkers don't get all errors. Wrong spelling of names and language can be especially aggravating. †¢ Be exact and succinct. Compactness permits you to incorporate more inside as far as possible. †¢ Think about how to introduce information or data viably. Tables or figures can be helpful presentational instruments. †¢ References ought to be introduced precisely and reliably. See the arrangements of fundamental readings for a proposed standard style. References and literary theft: †¢ Quotations ought to be utilized sensibly, if by any stretch of the imagination, to help or outline a contention. The wellspring of any citation ought to be unmistakably expressed, including the page reference. †¢ Data sources ought to be plainly refered to. †¢ When summing up or portraying someone’s work the source or sources ought to be unmistakably expressed. †¢ The University of Edinburgh’s Undergraduate Assessment Regulations state: â€Å"Plagiarism is the demonstration of replicating or remembering for one’s own work, without sufficient affirmation, deliberately or unexpectedly, crafted by another. It is scholastically false and an offense against University discipline.† (http://www.docs.sasg.ed.ac.uk/AcademicServices/Regulations/UG_AssessmentRegulations.PDF, para. 14.2) †¢ The University of Edinburgh’s Guidance on the Avoidance of Plagiarism for Undergraduate and Taught Postgraduate Students states: â€Å"Plagiarism is the demonstration of remembering for one’s own work crafted by someone else, without satisfactory affirmation of having done as such, either intentionally or unintentionally.† (http://www.docs.sasg.ed.ac.uk/AcademicServices/Discipline/StudentGuidanceUGP GT.pdf ) †¢ The Undergraduate Assessment Regulations include â€Å"The guiltless abuse or reference of material without formal and appropriate affirmation can comprise counterfeiting, in any event, when there is no purposeful aim to swindle. Work might be appropriated in the event that it comprises of close rewording or unacknowledged synopsis of a source, just as in exactly the same words translation. Any disappointment sufficiently to recognize or appropriately reference different sources in submitted work could prompt lower marks and to disciplinary activity being taken.† (http://www.docs.sasg.ed.ac.uk/AcademicServices/Regulations/UG_AssessmentRegulations.PDF , para. 14.2) †¢ The three going before visual cues maintain a strategic distance from unoriginality, by appropriately recognizing sources (yet would not, all alone, establish a decent article or exposition). Most examination abilities books contain further counsel on exposition composing. The Main Library Reading Room has a broad assortment of study aptitudes books, which contain guidance on exposition composing. A few books are dedicated explicitly to composing abilities, for instance:

Workforce Diversity Essays - Social Inequality, Affirmative Action

Workforce Diversity Indtroduction Work environment assorted variety is an overall idea that keeps on advancing as more businesses move into the worldwide market. A great many people attempt and believe that all individuals are of equivalent height and merit the entirety of similar open doors invariant of their race, age, sex, handicap, religion or sexual inclination. This idea which is turning out to be multi-faceted is prompting changes in the American workforce, making equivalent benefits and open doors for each person. The possibility of assorted variety in the working environment is the business' response to sociological changes and weight from social rights gatherings. In making an assorted work setting their must be an air where all representatives feel that they are esteemed by and adding to an association. Unfortunetly this is to perfect, and disparities do exist inside business associations. This segregation is expected to generalizing and assumptions about an individual's race, religion, sex, sexual inclination, and inabilities. ?Assorted variety awareness can't be just commanded into a framework, coordinated into a corporate culture, provoked by monetary motivations. It is intelligent of a disposition that associations and their essential ideas about specialists and changes over them into us.? (Becker 1) Governmental policy regarding minorities in society Affirmitive activity and equivalent oppurtunity came as a political reaction to the social orders clamor over separation and shameful acts that occur in the working environment. Page 1 Three decades prior Lyndon Johnson instituted the term ?governmental policy regarding minorities in society? also, from that point forward the working environment has gradually changed from the cliché white, hetero male to an all the more socially different work environment. Reference index Reference index Becker, Beverley. ?Overseeing Workplace Diversity.? http://websearch.cs.com/door/results/entryway frameset.adp?hit_url=http%3a%2f%2falexia%2elis%2euiuc%2eedu%2f%7elis405%2fdiversity%2fintro%2ehtm&type=I&first=1&dfirst=1&sTerm=ethnic%20diversity%20in%20workplace&type=I&brand=GWY&uType=&gfirst=0. April 30, 1997. Promoting and Advertising

6 Words and Phrases to Banish from Your Vocabulary

6 Words and Phrases to Banish from Your Vocabulary It was my mother who first outlawed certain words from my vocabulary. The ones I remember are “but,” “have to” and “should.” Later in life, I took some courses that added “try” and “can’t” to the list (Yoda would approve). Most recently, “just” joined the ranks of words to avoid. I may have been in the minority ten years ago as someone with hyper-awareness of how certain small words affect our messaging. But more recently, I’ve encountered more people who pay attention to the implications that subtle turns of phrase have on our meaning. Let’s take a look at the impact of each of these wordsâ€"and at alternative ways to express ourselves. 1. But (Say “and” or “while” instead!) If you start paying attention to how often you use the word “but,” you might be surprised. Often the word is completely unnecessary and what you really mean is “and”! For instance, one of my writers wrote the following: I wanted to make sure that the client’s profile was succinct but clearly revealed his differentiating qualities. I notice that people frequently default to “but” in situations like this, where they want to say something was “short but sweet” or something along those lines. Why say “but”? Who says that being short implies “not sweet”? Who says that a profile’s being “succinct” implies that it doesn’t reveal a client’s differentiating qualities? Instead, how about this: I wanted to make sure that the client’s profile was succinct while clearly revealing his differentiating qualities. In this second sentence, the challenge of creating a profile that includes the client’s differentiating qualities is laid out in a positive light and does not imply a succinct profile could not reveal those qualities. It’s a subtle difference, and a significant one. I was pleased to discover that a Stanford University professor, Bernard Roth, has taken up the cause to substitute “but” with “and.” See A Stanford professor says eliminating 2 phrases from you vocabulary can make you more successful. As he explains, When you use the word but, you create a conflict (and sometimes a reason) for yourself that does not really exist. … whereas when you use the word and, your brain gets to consider how it can deal with both parts of the sentence.” Take the following sentence: I want to go to the movies, but I have to study. vs this one: I want to go to the movies, and I have studying to do. Changing “but” to “and” trains the brain to come up with win-win solutions, rather than creating a state of victimhood. 2. Have to (Say “going to” or “want to” instead) The movie vs. studying example above highlights another phrase that does not serve us: “Have to.” Professor Roth suggests substituting “want to.” I like substituting “going to.” Let’s take a look at the sentence above again, with the word “and” substituted for “but”: I want to go to the movies, and I have to study. (This still sounds fairly catastrophic.) What about these options: I want to go to the movies, and nevertheless I am going to study. (Suddenly this person has choice in the matter!) It would probably be pushing it to say “I want to go to the movies, and I want to study.” That might not be completely honest. But it’s a sentiment to try on. 3. Try (There is no “try”) There’s a difference between trying something as an experiment (see my above suggestion to try something on or try something out) and saying you’ll try to do something when what you really mean is you don’t think you’ll succeed. Trying is lying. Trying is not doing. I can try all I want to write a blog article every Sunday. That doesn’t get me to writing a blog article every week. It gets me going out with friends on Sunday nights while Im busy “trying”â€"and while my blog remains blank. We use the “try” word when we want to weasel out of things, whether they are commitments to ourselves or others. Saying you’ll “try” is pretending to say “yes” when you mean “probably not.” Stop it. Instead, choose the actions you are willing to take. Say “I will do x, y and z.” Or say you aren’t going to do it. There is no “try.” 4. Should (Don’t “should” on yourself or on others) “Should” is a close relative to “have to.” It’s a moral judgment that often leads to a whole lot of trying. Do you think you “should” go to the doctor? “Should” go to the gym? “Should” apologize to someone you love? Or do you think someone in your life “should” do something and are you telling them so? How’s that working for you? Take this example: You should stop eating so much sugar, honey. You’ll make yourself sick! vs. I want you to eat less sugar, honey. I’m so scared you’ll get sick. (The “you” in this sentence could be yourself or someone else.) To me, the second version is much more vulnerable and scary to say. It’s less judgmental. If I’m saying it to myself, it’s actually sweet and caring. And although it could produce defensiveness, it’s less likely to do so than the version that takes a moral high ground and tries to control someone’s behavior. Some of us “should” on ourselves even more than we “should” on others. Take a look at how you’re putting yourself down with that sentiment, and how you use “should” to let yourself off the hook instead of committing to something. 5. Can’t (I think I can!) This one is basic. “Can’t” is a disempowering word that leads to a lot of inaction. Instead of “can’t,” be curious about how you can. Look for other options than the one or two you are considering. Get coaching. Read The Little Engine That Could for inspiration. Get creative! As a friend and I often say to each other, the only 100% reliable way to reach a goal is not to stop until you accomplish it! And if you choose a different goal along the way, that’s okay too. 6. Just (I called to say “I love you.”) The word “just” diminishes what we say after it. Calling to say “I love you” is a big deal right? Why make it smaller, as the famous song does, with “just”? I was unaware until about a year ago of how much I qualify my sentences with the word “just.” Common usages could be “I just wanted you to know that…” or “I just feel like…” or “I just thought…” If you start paying attention, you might be surprised at the frequency of the word “just” in your vocabulary. See what happens if you delete it. Your communications might become more truthful and riskier. You might start to claim your feelings, opinions and choices in a new way. Did you learn something from this article about your language? Did you try eliminating any of the recommended words? Are there more words that you recommend banishing from our vocabularies? Please share!

How Technology Has Changed Our Lives And Interactions With...

As adolescents and adults growing up during the advent of the new Millennium we have ourselves been privy to many of technological advancements. A slew of devices and modern conveniences have become integral parts of our day to day lives and have for the most part been a welcome addition to our lives. Of these various modern conveniences we have witnessed and in a sense played a role in the evolution of communication by way of smartphones and the Internet. A key component of this change is the manifestation and development of social networking and the various outlets that are its counterparts. Websites that have essentially become mainstays of our day to day lives and outlets for our thoughts and feelings such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and the like have played a crucial role in the redefining of social norms in many spheres of our lives and interactions with our peers. The far reaching effects of such changes are innumerable but constantly prevalent. Whether it be through the changes to our romantic lives by ways of dating applications the likes of Tinder. Or through the dramatic recent changes to the political climate of the nation by way of social media s integration into the aforementioned political process. It can be postulated with nary a doubt that we are in the midst of a social and cultural revolution, one that is propagated by these changes in our means to communicate and socialize with the world at large. This has left numerous questions in regard to howShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Electronic Devices On Children And Adolescents Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pagesinternet surfing to name a few. 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The Canadian And Us Banking System Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3733 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? The Canadian banking system began as a nationwide system, which encompassed a miniscule number of banks with numerous branches and allowed for diversification on a larger level. In contrast, American banks were prohibited from nationwide branch banking and from diversifying their portfolios. Many Canadian and American observers have come to view the two systems as distinct and believe that stability is a valid reason as to why the American system should adopt a nationwide banking system as well. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Canadian And Us Banking System Finance Essay" essay for you Create order While the Canadian Banking system has proven to be economically stable, it is associated with high barriers to entry and a costly charter that holds an excessive amount of economic power. Regardless of their distinct government regulations and differing response to situations brought about by financial crises, there has been little attempt to compare both systems over a long period. This paper will examine the differences between the United States and the Canadian banking systems. In particular, it will discuss the forces, which spurned the creation of these economic entities; as well as evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of each system to stand firmly during periods of economic depression. Early banking in Canada suffered from the rippling effects of the Mississippi and South Seas Bubble, which convinced Canadians that paper currency was worthless and could not be trusted. As discussed in class, prior to 1763 paper money issued by the French government in Quebec was not valued; the fall of Quebec in 1759 pushed the situation over top. Staying true to their nature, British aristocrats and seigneurs in Quebec were intolerant of merchants and traders alike and were uninterested in finance or trade.Canada demonstrated little interest towards the idea of a central bank for the half of the 19th century following Confederation. Before Confederation, branch banks were established with little funds and very little skill than required for independent banks. Branch banks served the nations needs for more than a century and Chartered banks printed money required for circulation and met the needs of seasonal or unpredictable demand. The new Dominion Government was granted authority over banking, currency, interest and other related matters under the British North America Act of 1867. A comprehensive act was drafted to replace the expired bank charters of the four original provinces in 1871. The Minister of Finance John Rose, under the Macdonald government, desired a banking system that mirrored the American free banking system. Such a system would allow provinces to hold more power than the federal government, something Macdonald did not want. According to Joe Martin The political goal was financial stability, and the managerial challenge was to create the institutional and regulatory framework to carry it out. (Martin, 2011, p. 22) The first bank of United States - championed by Alexander Hamilton in 1791 in Philadelphia and was built on the view that in order to have a prosperous and powerful nation, an established banking system was necessary. The structure mirrored that of the bank of England and served as both a commercial and central bank. The establishment of the first bank was significant as it served as a model for the Canadian Banking System and mimicked each word and section of the from the banks charter. The constitution on 1787 failed to address whether banking was governed under federal or provincial legislation; this eventually became the deciding factor between the American and Canadian banking system. The constitution did address the right to issue and regulate silver and gold coinage to the Federal government but specifically prohibited the printing and circulation of paper money. The agrarian forces aligned against Hamilton were bankers in New York and Boston who were against the location of t he bank and were suspicious of the northeast elite. Thomas Jefferson was particularly against the notion of a bank and preferred that the United States refrain from navigation or commerce. (Martin, 2011, p. 27) Apart from incorporating the First bank of the U.S., the act also provided a route the government utilize to retain control of the state charted banks. When Jefferson and his supporters came into power, they refused to renew the bank charter in 1811, partly because the bank had accomplished so much. The Second bank of the United States was established in 1816, but was allowed to die after its twenty-year charter had expired. With the absence of a central bank, Americans failed to inject liquidity into the banking system and in turn, failed to combat the economic crisis of the early 1900s. At the time, J.P Morgan, one of the leading financiers of the Era, took on the role of the central bank and single-handedly rescued the nation. Jefferson and his supporters established the F ederal Reserve in 1913 after realizing that a country with such a large economy would not stand on its own without a central bank. According to author Charles Freedman, the Canadian financial system was constructed around five principal pillars: trust and loan companies, the co-operative credit movement, life insurance, securities dealers and chartered banks. (Freedman, 1998) These pillars were characterized by core business activities and government jurisdiction, under which they were incorporated and supervised. Additionally, different institutional types were traditionally separated by functionality, which increased penetration into each others primary focus of business. Trust and loan institutions tend to specialize in residential mortgages and term deposits, whereas Canadian life insurance companies were headed by the federal jurisdiction; meaning that they invested the proceeds of life-insurance in mortgage portfolios and financial assets, such as bonds and equities. (Freedman, 1998) On the other hand, Canadian securities dealers operated under the jurisdiction of provincial legislation. Incorporated and s upervised under federal legislation, Canadas chartered banks remained the dominant deposit taking institution with long involvement in commercial lending. Another major difference between the Canadian and U.S banking system encompasses the sunset clause. The sunset clause is clause that requires the Canadian government to conduct periodic assessments and updates of laws governing its banking system. This re-assessment done once every decade, builds on the present Act by improving the framework to ensure that the objectives of promoting competition more efficiently and effectively are met. (OECD Economic Surveys, 2010) The Sunset Clause gave birth to important legislative amendments in 1980, 1987, 1992, 1997, and 2002. (Allen and Engart, 2007) Consequently, this has led to the creation of more diversified and market oriented activities on the part of Canadian Banks, such as the entry of foreign banks into Canada. Initially, entry by foreign markets into Canada was limited by strict regulations. By allowing foreign banks into Canada, there would be a requirement to implement new regulations and procedures, which may be misaligned with Ca nadas system. This is a distinct phenomenon particularly because a safe and efficient financial system is important for the development and longer-run growth of the economy. (Allen and Engart, 2007) A third distinction in the Canadian banking system is the lack of interest rates on deposits. In Canadian banks, there was an absence of ceiling on interest rates and deposits as well as the elimination of ceiling rates on loans. Having established controls on interest rates, any financial deposits into the United States banking system escaped. As Canadian banks did not have such controls, any deposits made toward the Canadian financial system remained within the country. By the twenty first century, the amount of U.S debt financed outside the country outweighed the internal debt within the traditional financial system. Majority of financing which spawned from short-term deposits could easily turn tail and flee at the first sign of deteriorating investor confidence. (Doren, 2011) The United States has restrictions on the rates of interests that could be paid on deposits. According to Bordo, Rockoff and Reddish, although working to increase profit rates , U.S banks were made sensitive to the dangers of losing deposits when market rates rose which forced them to maintain more reserves. (Bordo, Redish Rokoff, 1994) The low risk of failure in Canada made it possible for the Canadian banks to hold smaller amounts of non-interest bearing assets and to precede to higher asset equity ratios. In addition, Canadian mortgages have fixed rates for a maximum of only five years thus eliminating the problems inherent in linking shorter-term deposits with long term loans. (Doren, 2011) In essence, interest rates paid on deposits were generally higher in Canada, interest income received on securities was slightly higher, interest rates charged on loans were similar and net rates of return to equity were higher in Canada than in the United States. (Bordo, Redish Rokoff, 1994) In contrast, the United States banking system has been fragmented for most of its history; directly pertaining to a Supreme Court case in 1839, which restricted the establishment of bank branches across America. This fragmentation did not support the needs of national corporations or industrialization and was instead reinforced by unregulated financial and commercial paper markets. There are numerous issues surrounding the United States and the limitations surrounding its nationwide banking arrangement. The first reason concerns the fragility of individual banks, in that their portfolios were too small and lacked diversity. This made it difficult to transfer funds across the country. As a result, the system would usually fail during difficult economic times when rural banks attempted to protect themselves by withdrawing funds from their correspondents, which would in turn discourage the crisis. Prior to World War I, the United States experiences major economic crises. These occurrenc es were essentially accredited to the usage of reserved holdings and heavy reliance on securities market to finance investments. (Bordo, Redish and Rokoff, 2008) In the nineteenth century, many communities in the United States became one-bank or few-bank towns because of branching restrictions and consequently, charged monopoly loan rates. (Bordo, Redish and Rokoff, 1994) This was a disadvantage to customers because of the higher costs association. On the other hand, the individual banks were benefiting large sums of money from its inefficient banking arrangement. The nation was in dire need for branch banking arrangements particularly in the interest of the consumers. Both the legislative and regulatory environment heavily influences the banking structure of Canada and the U.S. These characteristics play a part in determining the efficiency and stability of a banking system; in fact, from the 1920s to the 1980s many economists argue that Canadas banking system was more proficient in both stability and efficiency when compared to the United States. This belief was largely due to the prohibition of nationwide (interstate) branch banking in the U.S., which has destroyed the nations ability to successfully combat major issues without experiencing bank failures.ÂÂ   Tailored to nationwide service Canadian banks proceeded to establish an oligopolistic financial system with limited entry. Because of this, Canadian broker-dealer and securities market systems were limited in expansion, as banks possessed the financials capable of sustaining industrial development. Although many economists refer to the mid-1800s as a period of free banking in the U.S, this is somewhat of a misnomer, as the reference was less literal and more towards several banking systems founded on free banking regulations. Banks were prohibited from establishing branch networks and had to either purchase or yield eligible securities from banking authorities in order to secure notes. The depreciation of securities, including authorized government bonds were deemed the source of bank failures during this period. This restriction on nationwide branch banking gave way to discounted bank notes at fluctuating rates the further they travelled from their sources. In summary, the defective banks and their supply of paper money proved the imminent danger of unauthorized and romantic ideas of regulation. Current regulation outlined by the McFadden Act of 1927, the Banking Act of 1933 and the Bank Holding Act of 1956 permits individual states to create its own policies regarding the allowance of outer state banks to operate within its borders. Prior to the 1907, as a contingency tool branch banking was used to minimize the occurrence of future economic downturns but lost to the establishment of a central bank. The 1907 post-panic debate involved three distinct parties: New York banks, Midwestern city banks and country banks; of these three groups, only the Midwestern banks were in favor of positive structural reform. (Horowitz Selgin, 1987) This group dominated the American Banking Association (ABA) and proposed deregulation through reform and interstate branch banking. The goal of New York banks was to maintain the status quo and aimed to accomplish this by preventing a transfer of power to midwestern banks. On the other hand, country banks were adamant on prohibiting any branch ban king scheme that would have them competing with the city banks; in turn they ironically aligned themselves with Wall Street which preened any reform actions proposed by the ABA. Supporters of branch banking promoted economists and authors who believed that the panic of 1907 was preventable if interstate banking was allowed. Many highlighted the successful avoidance of crises in Canadian systems, where nationwide banking was encouraged. Thought regulations approved in 1913 favored Federal Reserve Banks, central banking was a compromise erected in response to the New York banks desire for continued hegemony. (Horowitz Selgin, 1987) This became evident when the depression of the 1930s unveiled the instability of the banking system. In 1933, during a nationwide commercial bank failure and the Great Depression Senator Carter Glass and Representative Henry SteagallÂÂ  championed the Glass- Steagall Act. (ValueClick Inc, 2003) This act divided and forestalled commercial and investment banking activities in order to prevent future economic crises. During this period, the stock market crashed due to improper banking activities carried out by commercial banks and their excessive involvement in the stock market. Commercial banks became greedy and took big risks by investing large amounts of capital into assets; buying new issues and reselling them to the public. Banks granted fallacious loans to companies with which they owned a stake and clients were encouraged to invest in those stocks. As a solution, a regulatory firewall was established, separating commercial and investment banks by controlling their activities. Banks had to make a choice between specializing in commercial or investment banking and only ten pe rcent of commercial banks total income could stem from securities. (ValueClick Inc, 2003) Directly targeted and forced to reduce their services, numerous financial giants such as J.P Morgan and Company, lost their main source of income. Over a period of extended prosperity in the early 1900s, a significant percentage of unit banks failed due to declining agriculture prices. Although Canada practiced branch banking and its financial structure for commercial banking mirrored that of the United States, the nation did not encounter significant bank failures. Glass eventually concluded that little banks were hazardous to stable banking and contributed to the condemnation of depositors. Glass also desired an integrated banking system supervised by the Federal Reserve and claimed that the dual system (shared by state and federal authorities) was an abomination to the nation. As part of Federal Reserve Act, all national banks were required to become members of the Federal Reserve System, wh ereas commercial banks had the option to join in or opt out. (Wessel, 2009, p. 97) This was to minimize the competing views of regulators governing the affiliated and unaffiliated banks. In addition, the Act was delayed until Glass adjusted the legislation to prohibit nationwide branch banking within states that encourage this. Proposals made by larger banks were considered attempts to sabotage the state banking system that provided financial services to small towns. This resulted from the anxiety to preserve the dual banking system between the state and federal authorities. Unfortunately, these small towns accounted for ninety percent of failures in the U.S and deposit insurance arose as a hasty alternative to branch banking, which would ensure the safety of the banking system. (Wessel, 2009, p. 50) Deposit insurance was not a new concept and had been around since the panic in 1907; however, in each case problems quickly arose following its introduction to several states. First, by asking banks to deposit their assets into a fund, an incentive problem emerged. Banks began to hold more risky portfolios because they held only a fraction of risks contributing to failures. Second, deposit insurance could contribute very little to save banks when the economy took a turn for the worst. Despite the negativity ass ociated with deposit insurance plans, unit banks claim that there is a possibility for effectiveness when handled properly. Now that we have highlighted several differences within each system and discussed the forces behind this historic establishment, we will now examine the efficiency and effectiveness of both systems to combat economic depression and inflation. As previously mentioned, the structures of both the United States and Canadian banking systems substantially differ. However, an efficient banking system is important in order to maintain long-term growth and productivity within the economy. The Canadian banking system has remained relative stabile throughout history despite the concentration of the overall banking industry. In contrast, the relative fragmentation historically rooted in the United States banking industry, has led to a sharp decline of commercial banks by approximately forty five percent over the last eighty-five years. (Mayer, 2004, p. 57) However, the fact that the United States is more market concentrated than Canada, means that U.S banks do not heavily influence the nations f inancial industry. There are numerous opinions on both the economic and political reasons, some generally shared, about why the financial crisis occurred. Governments failed to properly regulate markets and minimize a financial meltdown. Many observers suggested that various government policies aided the emergence of the crisis and credits fours main factors to this: (1) accessibility of credit resulting from artificially low rates, (2) government policies favored housing and in turn prompted subprime risk-taking, (3) government regulations related to corporate policies in large financial institutions and (4) failure to supervise the economy. (Roberge, 2010) Like other countries, Canada was impacted on some level by the global financial crisis over the past few years. Thanks to the equilibrium of systems within the financial service sector and the nature of its policies, Canada managed to emerge in good shape. As mentioned earlier, Canada financial structure is divided into several jurisdictions. The Federal government is in charge of banks; securities and investment firms as well as trust companies are under provincial authority; insurance is governed by both jurisdictions. The late 1900s and onwards brought with it drastic change to the Canadian system. A system once operated according to pillars was dismantled in 1987, allowing banks to own firms in investment, insurance and trust. As a result, large five banks dominated across all pillars due to changed policies. Under federal jurisdiction, there was a simultaneous centralization of political, supervisory and regulatory authority within Canadian banks. (Roberge, 2010) The 1980s witne ssed the last bank failure in Canada and the system has remained stable ever since, thanks to the oligopolistic banking system in Canada. Canadas response to this crisis was threefold. First, both definitive and pragmatic measures were established to ease the credit crunch. The government purchased $125,000,000 worth of mortgage bonds to increase their lending capacity. Second, the Federal government amended the Bank Act of Canada, which provided banks more power to manage the financial crises. Regulating investment contracts with guaranteed rates and guarantying investors that no money would be lost on their assets, was also part of the effort. Third, the Canadian government seized the opportunity and established a national securities board. Canada remained under control whereas other countries, such as the U.S., required major bailouts. Canadas resilience to this event is largely attributed to the structure and workings of their policy network within the financial sector. This policy networks mode of operation in the financial sector has remained generally small and obstinate, despite the networks expansion. The Fina ncial Institutions Supervisory Committee (FISC) is compromised of all important government personnel and ensures that lines of communication that exist across sectors remain clear. The Canadian system has one potential weakness, the absence of a definite authoritative figure overlooking the stability of the financial services sector. The tenacity of the Canadas policy network becomes increasingly evident when compared to the United States. Because of such cohesiveness and stability Canadas only experience with controls occurred in the late 1970s as a response to relatively high inflation rates. Controls are any type of government policy, which influences the overall pricing and wage structure in the economy. These controls place extensive restrictions on the maximum rate of which wages and prices can increase during various periods. Two characteristics that distinguish price controls from other types of government controls are: (1) these policies are adopted for the sole purpose of controlling inflation, not to accomplish economic efficiency or equity; (2) they influence numerous economic sectors rather than focusing on primarily one market. The anti-inflation act created by the Federal government spelled out a three-year control system. (Wirick, 2012) Firms with 500 plus employees were restricted by wage guidelines; these guidelines also applied to federal as well as a majority of public-sector employees. Price restri ction and cost markups were restricted by controls placed on large corporations. Overall, the controls program helped to restrict high inflation and keep it below certain levels. The historic background of Wall Street has demonstrated the obscure relationship between the government and the financial markets in the U.S., particularly the relationship between Washington and Wall Street. With division among regulatory and supervisory authority, an opportunity to pit one regulator against another showed itself. Following the Wall Street Crash of October, 1929, the United States entered into, what is now called The Great Depression. This period was marked by a series of bank failures and high unemployment, reaching as high as 25% in 1932. (Woodward, 2000, p. 72) In response to this great economic crisis, the newly elected Roosevelt administration began The New Deal, a series of economic programs, reforms, and regulations enacted between 1933 and 1938. Some of these programs included the Social Security Act, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, which provided millions of dollars in relief operations, and the Works Progress Administration, which made the fed eral government the single largest employer at the time. The bursting of the U.S. housing bubble in 2006 and current ongoing global recession has led to the worst financial crisis in the United States since The Great Depression. Under the Bush administration, the United States government issued a limited bailout of the housing market, giving out close to a trillion dollars in loans with over half going to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. (Wessel, 2009, p. 178) Moreover, the United States has experienced a recessionary period every twenty years

The Criminal Justice System Free Essays

Assignment 1 The Criminal Justice System April 26, 2010 According to the American Heritage Dictionary, the criminal justice system is a â€Å"system of law enforcement, the bar, the judiciary, corrections, and probation that is directly involved in the apprehension, prosecution, defense, sentencing, incarceration, and supervision of those suspected of or charged with a criminal offense† (Mifflin, 2007). The criminal justice system aims to reduce crime by bringing more offences to justice and rise public confidence that the system is fair and will deliver for the law of abiding citizens. The criminal justice system consists of three areas (1) law enforcement (police), (2) adjudication (courts), and (3) correction (jail, prisons, probation, and parole). We will write a custom essay sample on The Criminal Justice System or any similar topic only for you Order Now These agencies operate together in the criminal justice system under the rule of law and as the principal means of maintaining the rule of law within society. However, in the three areas, the police solve crimes and make arrests, the court sentences the offender and the correction system carry out the punishment and rehabilitate the offenders. The criminal justice system primary goals are justice for individual, personal liberty, dignity of human beings, and the right to due process. Justice for the individual requires that all should have what belongs to them, and so the just man will render to the society, or State, of which he is a member, what is due to it. Personal liberty means freedom from unlawful physical restraint or harm and freedom from arbitrary interference with one’s privacy and lawful belongings. On the other hand, human dignity is an expression of moral concept that human beings should not be treated as objects. One implication of human dignity is that every human being should be acknowledged as a valuable member of the human community and as a unique expression of life. Last but not least, due process is the principle that the government must normally respect all of a person’s legal rights instead of just some or most of those legal rights when the government deprives a person of life, liberty, or property. The due process clause in the Fourteenth Amendment protects against state of local government abuse of power. In conclusion, a criminal justice system that is honest, fair and effective is one of America’s most important institutions. All law abiding citizens are govern by due process according to the criminal justice system. Therefore, it is very important for all citizens to follow the law according to the police statues, the court statues, and the correction systems statues because there is always improvement in this field. References American Heritage Dictionary A History of American Criminal Justice, http://www. en. wikipedia. org How to cite The Criminal Justice System, Papers

Child Molestation Essay Research Paper I like free essay sample

Child Molestation Essay, Research Paper I like to sit down one time in a piece non excessively much and merely watch the intelligence and catch up on things that are traveling on in LA and around the universe. I hear in Iraq 6 guiltless bystanders were shot and killed and of class you feel bad for them and so you # 8217 ; ll see a picture cartridge holder of a shooting fling that went on with bulls or whatever and of class I feel regretful for these people but nil truly pisses me of and gets me so huffy that I can kill the cat because this small ill adult male decided to ravish a small kid. Now you ask me why do you acquire huffy? Well because I have a small sister and merely the idea of that go oning to my sister, friend, cousin merely makes me so enraged. Anybody with a small sister knows precisely what I mean and I # 8217 ; m sure they feel the same manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Molestation Essay Research Paper I like or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now what is the ultimate monetary value for something like this, good if it was up to me I would wish to hold one hr entirely with him in a room and merely take out all my choler on him and so torment him a little more, but its non up to me so I can t make that. He should be given the decease punishment. What is it that makes a cat travel out to ravish a small kid? I sit because they were molested themselves when they were younger? Is it because they # 8217 ; re merely rejected by life and every adult female out at that place? Or was he merely on drugs? What motivates these people to travel out and ravish a 7 twelvemonth old or older miss walking place from school? Well I don t know the reply. Make these people realize what the effects are when they rape a kid. These small misss or cats are traveling to be messed up for life. They # 8217 ; re non traveling to turn up H ealthy minded and be screwed up in the caput for the remainder of their lives. They’re non traveling to hold a descent relationship with anyone. Because they’re non traveling to be able to swear anyone any longer and merely fundamentally non populate a normal life. Peoples that do this sort of offense are brainsick in the caput. You can t merely lock them up for a twosome of old ages and so allow him out in a twosome of old ages and believe everything is ok. Once they get out they re likely traveling to travel make it once more, or interrupt some other jurisprudence. I don t mean like junior-grade larceny or anything, something like slaying. It merely puzzles me I don t acquire it. You kill a cat and are sentenced to gaol for about 8 old ages or so and so acquire out on probation. What the snake pit is that? You stating me that one individual s life is tantamount to 6 old ages of gaol clip and so be free? You take a individual s life ; your life is taken off. An oculus for an oculus. You know what makes me madder. The fact that the people that do this largely ever acquire away with it or when they do acquire caught, they merely go to imprison for a twosome of old ages so acquire out on probation. Now lets feign this happened to you or you sister or small brother, what would you make to the cat? You would kill him right. I would. That s the lone thing that would do me happy or slightly. So I believe that when the individual is caught and convicted for kid molestation that he be sentenced to decease row. Not gaol for life. Not 20 old ages so acquire out with probation. He should be given the decease punishment because that s the least you can make to him. I believe this with all my life and base for it with everything I can.